Preheat and Prepare the Pan: Set your oven to 450°F (230°C). Place a large cast iron skillet inside the oven to heat up thoroughly while you prep the cauliflower and seasoning.
Mix the Seasoning Oil: In a small bowl, combine the vegetable oil with black pepper, smoked paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, and salt. Whisk well to create a fragrant, smoky oil mixture that will flavor the cauliflower.
Slice the Cauliflower into Steaks: Remove the outer leaves and trim the base of the cauliflower, then cut the whole head into thick slices about 1 to 1.5 inches thick. Try to keep the stem intact so each slice holds together like a steak. If necessary, trim the edges to create flat surfaces so the steaks sit evenly in the skillet.
Sear the First Side: Carefully remove the hot skillet from the oven. Brush one side of each cauliflower steak generously with the seasoned oil mixture. Arrange the steaks in the skillet, seasoned side down, to sear and develop a rich, golden crust.
Season the Other Side and Roast: While the first side cooks, brush the tops of the steaks with the remaining oil mixture. Return the skillet to the oven and roast for 10 minutes to allow the cauliflower to soften and absorb the flavors.
Flip and Finish Roasting: After 10 minutes, flip the cauliflower steaks gently with a spatula to cook the other side. Roast for an additional 15 minutes until tender, caramelized, and cooked through.
Serve and Enjoy: Remove from the oven and serve immediately as a hearty vegetarian main or a flavorful side dish.